Several open-source multimodal language models have adapted their methodologies accordingly, e.g., Gemma3 (opens in new tab) uses pan-and-scan and NVILA (opens in new tab) uses Dynamic S2. However, their trade-offs are difficult to understand across different datasets and hyperparameters. To this end, we conducted an ablation study of several techniques. We trained a smaller 5 billion parameter Phi-4 based proxy model on a dataset of 10 million image-text pairs, primarily composed of computer-use and GUI grounding data. We compared with Dynamic S2, which resizes images to a rectangular resolution that minimizes distortion while admitting a tiling by 384×384 squares; Multi-crop, which splits the image into potentially overlapping 384×384 squares and concatenates their encoded features on the token dimension; Multi-crop with S2, which broadens the receptive field by cropping into 1536×1536 squares before applying S2; and Dynamic resolution using the Naflex variant of SigLIP-2, a natively dynamic-resolution encoder with adjustable patch counts.
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